TRADING

Crude oil or unrefined petroleum is a fossil fuel formed by natural processes beneath the earth’s surface and composed of hydrocarbon deposits of different molecular weight and other organic compounds.
Crude oil and its refined products and derivatives are pivotal resources in the modern world economy.
This fossil fuel supplies more energy to the world today than any other source. Unrefined petroleum is not a good fuel, since it is not fluid and requires a very high temperature to burn.
The majority of crude oil is converted to petroleum products, which ordinarily grouped into the following categories: light distillates, middle distillates, heavy distillates and residuum.
Traditionally, this natural fossil fuel can be refined into a broad variety of component hydrocarbons, for example, it can be converted to diesel fuel, gasoline, jet fuel, naphtha, bunker fuel and heating oil, liquefied petroleum gas, lubricants,  bitumen, asphalt and other produce usable products.
The main trading platforms generally classify crude oil by the geographical place of origin, sulfur content and API gravity.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group is transacting different grades and varieties of crude oil produced from various geographic locations throughout the world.
As a physical trader, the Group has the ability to effectively and reliably deliver quality unrefined petroleum from production locations to places of greatest demand.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Middle distillates generally refer to petroleum products that are produced in a refinery by crude oil distillation in the middle boiling range.
They are collective petroleum distillation fractions boiling above naphtha and below residue oil.
Medium distillates arecolorless clear or light yellow flammable liquids, which ordinarily include the following types of petroleum products: diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, gas oil, marine fuel.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group has considerable experience in the largest energy and commodity markets and trades a wide range of middle distillates on a global scale.
The Group’s global experience and strong regional presence ensures unmatched market intelligence and allows it to meet the individual requirements of its counterparties in different markets worldwide.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Petroleum naphtha is a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons derived from the refining of crude oil.
It is the first petroleum product produced during the distillation process.
This light distillate comes off early in the distillation and refining process and it contains paraffins, naphthenes and aromatic hydrocarbons.
Naphtha is highly combustible fuel and refers to a range of volatile and highly flammable hydrocarbon liquid-mixtures.
It is a liquid intermediate between the light crude oil gases and the heavier liquid kerosene.
Naphtha is mainly used as a feedstock for producing a high-octane gasoline and also as a raw material in the petrochemical production of olefins.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group trades a wide spectrum of physical energy products, including various grades of light, medium or heavy naphtha.
The Group mainly provides pragmatic and cost-effective solutions meeting individual counterparty’s demands.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Fuel oil is a petroleum based product incurred during the refining of crude oil and consisting generally of residues from various refinery distillation and cracking processes.
It is a mixture of many different hydrocarbon compounds, petroleum resins, asphaltenes, carbenes, carboides and organic materials.
Fuel oil is a dense, viscous oil that usually produced and subsequently adjusted by blending heavy residual oils with a lighter oil to achieve various specifications and quality levels of fuel.
Commercial fuel oils primarily are blended with other petroleum fractions to produce the required viscosity and flash point.
Fuel oils are generally used as energy-generating fuels in industry and as fuels in marine applications.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group performs trading operations worldwide with the full range of high-quality fuel oils, from low-sulphur fuel to cheaper high-sulphur fuel.
The Group has ample opportunities to continue expanding the trade in fuel oils to reach the levels necessary to meet emerging demand in various regions of the world.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Liquefied Petroleum Gas, also called LPG, is a flammable blend of hydrocarbon gases.
This highly combustible substance derived from the refinery processes, crude oil stabilization and natural gas processing plants.
LPG is light paraffinic hydrocarbons which consist primarily of propane and butane or a combination of the two.
They could also include propylene, butylene, isobutene, isobutylene and various other hydrocarbons which are usually contained in low concentrations.
LPG is used domestically, mostly for heating and cooking purposes, industrially, for instance asa raw material by the petrochemical industry, and it is also increasingly used in the transport sector as motor fuel.
For easy transportation and storage, LPG is normally bottled in liquid state.
LPG is one of the cleanest conventional fuels available since it has low particle emissions, low NOx emissions, and low sulphur content.
Thanks to global availability, diverse application, its natural by-product origin, environmental friendliness as well as convenience of transportation, LPG plays a crucial role in the transition process to a more sustainable, secure and competitive new energy model.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group is actively involved in LPG export-import transactions, covering key markets and important regions worldwide.
The Group trades in liquefied petroleum gas through well-established network of partners and focuses on developing long-lasting supply and marketing relationships.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Gasoline is a complex petroleum-derived liquid mixture consisting mainly of different hydrocarbons, additives, and blending agents.
Gasoline is one of the most important products of a petroleum refinery.
Primarily it is a mixture of paraffins, cycloalkanes and olefins.
It is a volatile, flammable liquid derived from fractional distilling and refining of crude oil or unrefined petroleum.
After distillation process, gasoline is converted into transparent fuel that is mostly a blend of organic compounds, enhanced with a variety of additives and blending agents to increase the performance and stability of gasoline.
These compounds may include anti-knock agents, anti-oxidants, lead scavengers, metal deactivators, anti-icing agents, anti-rust agents, upper-cylinder lubricants, detergents and other components.
The composition of gasolines varies widely, depending on the crude oils used and refinery processes available.
This liquid fuel is produced in several grades of octane number.
Octane number, or octane rating, is a standard measure of the performance of fuel.
This light petroleum product used primarily as a fuel in internal combustion engines.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group systematically expands the geography of gasoline supplies and actively develops a petroleum-based product portfolio.
The Group seeks to maximize the efficiency of its trading operations with gasolines of various compositions, primarily in strategically important regions.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Petrochemicals or petroleum distillates are a range of organic hydrocarbons that are mainly produced by petrochemical industries from crude oil and natural gas.
Petrochemicals are mostly extracted during the refining process when crude oil or gas is broken into various petroleum products through a process of fractional distillation in refineries.
These specific chemical compoundsare classified into three main categories based on their chemical composition or chemical structure.
Major petrochemical products include olefins, aromatics and synthesis gas.
Olefins are important sources that form the basis of industrial chemicals, plastic products, and synthetic rubber.
These include ethylene, propylene, and butadiene.
Aromatics are among raw materials that used in the industrial production of dyes, synthetic detergents, polyurethanes, plastics, synthetic fibers and other.
These include benzene, toluene, and xylenes.
Synthesis gas is a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen used to make ammonia and methanol. Ammonia is important for the production of fertilizers, and methanol serves mainly as a solvent and chemical intermediate.

Petrochemical alcohols, such as ethanol, methanol, propanol, and butanol, are widely used in various industrial sectors.
Ethanolis a volatile, flammable, colorless clear liquid primarily produced by petrochemical processes or by the fermentation of the carbohydrates. This fuel has properties that are similar to gasoline.
Methanol is a light, volatile, colorless, flammable liquid petrochemical that is predominantly manufactured commercially from natural gas in catalytic plants and is utilized in a variety of industrial and energy related applications as fuel, antifreeze, solvent, and as a denaturant for ethanol.
Butanol is a combustible and flammable liquid organic substance.
This universal four-carbon alcohol is currently produced from refinery and petrochemical feedstocks through petrochemical synthesis.
Commercial butanol is an industrially important chemical used as a feedstock for a wide range of chemicals.
For example,it is used as an industrial solvent, as a fuel, and as an intermediate in chemical synthesis.

Petrochemical industry plays an essential role in economic development of manufacturing sector.
The petrochemicals industry includes a significant amount of intermediate products that have a wide range of applications.
Petrochemical products permeate the full spectrum of daily use items and cover almost all important areas of life.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group is a long-term participant in the globalbasic petrochemical market.
The Group’s extensive knowledge and many years of experience as a physical petrochemical supplier gives it the capacity to provide fast, flexible and tailor-made solutions always guaranteeing high quality and safety standards in full compliance with the latest international rules and regulations required.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Natural gas is a combustible mixture of gaseous hydrocarbons that naturally generated by biogenic and thermogenic mechanisms beneath the surface of the earth near other liquid & solid hydrocarbons beds like crude oil and coal.
This fossil fuel, produced from decomposed organic matter due to natural geochemical processes, commonly found in deep underground reservoirs formed by porous rock.
Crude oil is often located in close proximity to and with natural gas.
It can be found either by itself or in association with oil.
Natural gas which is produced alone is called dry gas while natural gas which is found and produced with deposits of petroleum is called casinghead gas or associated gas.
Other types of natural gas deposits include sources like shale gas, sour gas, tight gas sandstone, and coalbed methane.
Natural gas is one of the safest, cleanest, most efficient and economically competitive fossil based energy sources.
This hydrocarbon gas mixture consists mainly of highly flammable methane and small quantities of hydrocarbon gas liquids and nonhydrocarbon gases such as ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen, as well as, sometimes, minor amounts of helium.
Natural gas usually not used in its pure form.
Once removed from underground reservoirs, the natural gas is processed and converted into cleaner fuel by removing impurities and by-products.
The natural gas industry includes three main segments: the production segment explores, produces, drills and extracts natural gas; the transmission segment owns and operates pipelines that transport natural gas to major consuming areas; the distribution segment delivers natural gas from the interstate pipelines to individual customers.
Natural gas is an abundant energy source that used extensively in residential, commercial and industrial applications.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group purposefully develops the natural gas transportation and sales segments on a global scale.
As an experienced independent natural gas market player, the Group has broad opportunities for realization of large-scale natural gas transactions.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Liquefied Natural Gas or LNG is natural gas converted to a liquid form.
LNG is a clear, colorless, odorless, non-toxic and non-corrosive liquid which forms when natural gas is cooled to minus 160 degrees Celsius (minus 260 degrees Fahrenheit).
This gas consists predominantly of methane but also contains variable proportions of other gases including ethane, propane, butane, nitrogen and carbon dioxide together with traces of helium, hydrogen and other elements.
The foremost reason of dissolving the natural gas to liquid form is to transport it over routes that are not connected by gas pipeline network.
The cooling process shrinks the volume of the natural gas 600 times, making it portable, easier and safer to store and transport.
This reduction in volume allows the gas to be transported economically over greater distances.
LNG is predominantly transported internationally via tankers and stored in large storage terminals.
After arriving at its destination, LNG is offloaded into storage tanks, regasified into its original state and send out into the local pipeline grid for distribution and sale.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group enjoys strong market positions in the LNG segment of the geographical areas in which it operates, and actively expands its presence in the promising gas markets.
The Group has extensive opportunities to supply gas both as a liquefied product and as a pipeline product in gaseous form.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Biofuel is a type of energy-producing fuel that is obtained from plant and animalderived organic matter which is available on a recurring, renewable basis.
Biofuels that are produced from bio-based feedstocks are a good alternative to fossil or mineral fuels, such as crude oil, coal and natural gas.
The main advantage of biofuel over conventional fossil fuel is that the sources of biofuel are so widely available.
This natural fuel derives its energy from biological carbon fixation.
Biofuel can be produced from a wide range of different compounds including fats, proteins and alcohols.
Biofuels are made mostly by converting biomass into different types of convenient energy products in one of three ways: thermal, chemical, and biochemical conversion.
This type of renewable fuel possesses the flexibility of being used in solid, liquid, or gaseous form.
The most common types of biofuels in wide use today are bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethanol and biobutanol.

Bioethanol is a clear, colourless, flammable liquid derived from alcoholic fermentation of the carbohydrates found in carbon-based feedstock.
It is a renewable source of plant based alcohol.
Considered to be environmentally friendly liquid fuel, bioethanol can be a reliable alternative to conventional fossil fuels.

Biodiesel is a clean burning renewable liquid fuel that is produced through a chemical process called transesterification which converts vegetable oils and fats of natural origin into methyl esters.
Biodiesel is an alternative fuel similar to traditional diesel fuel made from petroleum.

Biomethanol, also called renewable methanol, is a volatile flammable, colorless liquid that can be produced from a wide range of virgin or waste biomass feedstocks via a thermochemical route.
These organic materials are converted by the gasification process into syngas, a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen and other molecules.
Biomethanol is potential alternative to the fossil fuels since it can produce a variety of fuels such as petrol blends, biodiesel, methanol to gasoline, bio-dimethyl ether, biohydrogen.
Biomethanol is chemically identical to traditional methanol.

Butanol from renewable sources such as biomass and agricultural byproducts is called biobutanol or biobased butanol fuel.
It is one of the new types of biofuel.
Biobutanol is alcoholic fuel produced through the microbial fermentation of biomass by the A.B.E. process instead of traditional petrochemical processes.
Biobutanol is a liquid biofuel with properties akin to those of conventional gasoline.
This renewable liquid fuel can be freely blended with gasoline, moreover, it is considered as the candidate biofuel to replace gasoline.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group pays special attention to enhancing the system of partnership relations in promising regions of international biofuels business.
The Group’s biofuels business strategy is focused on the gradual expansion the eco-friendly product coverage.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Electric power is the energy generated by transformation of other different kinds or forms of energy, such as mechanical, thermal, chemical, and nuclear energy.
Most electric energy is predominantly received from electromechanical generators associated with turbines driven by steam produced either by a nuclear power reactor or by burning natural fossil fuels, for example, natural gas, crude oil, and coal.
The rotating turbines interact with a system of magnets to generate electricity.
Also, there are alternative sources of electrical energy, which include solar power stations, wind turbines, fuel cells, geothermal power plants, and others.
Electric energy is generated at power plants and transmitted to bulk delivery points through a complex system of electricity substations, transformers, and power lines for further distribution and sale to various electricity consumers.
Electricity transmission is carried out by a widely branched network of high voltage power lines, including overhead, underground, and submarine wires.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group considers the electric power industry to be one of the most promising business sectors and, in this connection, the Group continues to constantly monitor business development opportunities in this direction.
The Group builds and maintains effective long-term strategic partnerships with existing and new independent electricity producers around the world.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to producers and consumers, including numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.

Coal is a naturally occurring combustible sedimentary rock consisting primarily of carbon and low percentages of solid, liquid, and gaseous hydrocarbons with variable quantities of other components, like oxygen, hydrogen, sulphur, nitrogen, and other impurities.
Coal, along with crude oil and natural gas, is classified as one of the three most important natural energy resources.
Typically, coal is the cheapest and most abundant fossil fuel in many countries.
All types of coal were formed by the carbonization of different plant residues and contain chemically bound energy that is released during combustion.
This natural fossil fuel is mined from seams of coal, found between geologic rock layers.
It is extracted from the bowels of the earth using one of two basic methods: surface mining and deep underground mining.
After extraction, the mined coal is transported through the large bulk storage terminals, via ship or rail to end-consumers in domestic or international.
Main parameters used to define the properties of the coal are gross calorific value or heating value, the percentage of sulphur, ash, and moisture.
Coal is usually classified into three levels: high rank, medium rank, and low rank, in turn, a rank-based system divides coal into four main subtypes: anthracite, bituminous, subbituminous, and lignite.
The different types of coal have various physical and chemical properties, and also have different uses.
However, despite the wide variety of applications areas, coal is used primarily as an energy source for electricity and heat generation.
To date, a number of methods have been developed and deployed by which solid coal can be converted to a liquid or gaseous fuel.

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Eurasian Resource Capital (ERC) Corporate Group is strategically developing its coal activities and possesses a diversified solid fossil fuel portfolio, from low to high rank coal.
The Group’s major presence in the global coal market is secured by the extensive sales network that covers virtually all main trading areas.
ERC additionally offers an extensive range of services to commodity producers and consumers, including processing, storage, functional logistics services, as well as numerous insurance, risk management and financial tools.